Kafukufuku wokhudza Kupititsa patsogolo Kachitidwe ka Mafuta Otsuka Mafuta mu Njira Yopangira Mafuta Opaka Mafuta a Steam Turbine

【Abstract】Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi, kutayikira kwamafuta opaka turbine kudzachitika, zomwe zipangitsa kuti

Zomwe zili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi chinyezi mumafuta opaka mafuta, ndikuwopseza chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito okhazikika a turbine ya nthunzi.Pepala ili likutsindika za

zolakwika wamba za oyeretsa mafuta ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, ndikuyika patsogolo njira zothetsera mtsogolo

【Mawu Ofunikira】 turbine ya nthunzi;ndondomeko yopangira mafuta odzola;mafuta oyeretsera mafuta;kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito

1 Mawu Oyamba

Mafuta opaka mafuta opangira nthunzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu turbine ya nthunzi, yomwe imatha kutengapo gawo pakuyamwa modzidzimutsa, kutsuka, kudzoza ndi kuziziritsa.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ikhoza kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera kutentha kwa kubala.Ubwino wamafuta opaka mafuta opangira nthunzi udzakhudza kwambiri chuma ndi chitetezo cha makina opangira magetsi, omwe amayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mtundu, kuchuluka ndi magwiridwe antchito amafuta opaka mafuta amatha kuwerengedwa ndi zizindikiro kuti apewe kusintha kwamafuta opaka mafuta. .Zamafakitale a nyukiliya, chotsuka mafuta ndi chida chofunikira chosungira zida za unit zikuyenda bwino kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a makinawa kumathanso kukhala ndi zotsatira zambiri.

2 Kuwunika kolakwika kwanthawi zonse kwa makina opangira mafuta opangira mafuta oyeretsera mafuta

2.1 mfundo yawoyeretsa mafuta

Kuwonetsetsa kuti mtundu wamafuta opaka mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi injini yayikulu ndiwotsimikizika komanso woyenerera, choyeretsa mafuta chidzayikidwa pansi pa thanki yayikulu yamafuta.oyeretsa mafuta akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri: centrifugal ndi mwatsatanetsatane mkulu.Pakati pawo, mfundo ya centrifugal mafuta oyeretsa ndi kulekanitsa madzi ndi kusiyana pakati pa zinthu ziwiri zosagwirizana, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, particles olimba mu madzi gawo.Kuyeretsa kwapamwamba kwambiri kwamafuta kumakhala ndi gawo la capillary lomwe limaseweredwa ndi zinthu zosefera, zonyansa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tamafuta opaka mafuta timatuluka, kuwonetsetsa kuti mafuta opaka mafuta amakhala aukhondo kwambiri.Pankhani ya mafuta oyeretsera bwino kwambiri komanso oyeretsa mafuta a centrifugal amagwirizana wina ndi mnzake, zonyansa zina ndi chinyezi mumafuta opaka mafuta zimatha kuchotsedwa bwino kuti mafuta opaka mafuta azitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, kuti turbine igwiritsidwe ntchito. ndi kuthamanga mosatekeseka.

Mfundo yogwira ntchito yotsatiridwa ndi oyeretsa mafuta ndi: pamene mafuta odzola amalowa mu mafuta oyeretsera mafuta, amapanga filimu yokhazikika komanso yowonda kwambiri.Pansi pa mphamvu yokoka, mafuta amalowa pansi pa chidebe ndikutulutsa mpweya mumtsuko.Mpweya wokhala ndi chinyezi chochepa komanso mafuta oipitsidwa udzatulutsa malo ambiri ovala filimu yamafuta, chifukwa kuthamanga kwa madzi mufilimu yamafuta kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa madzi mumlengalenga, kotero madzi mumafuta adzachitika chodziwika bwino cha gasification. .Gasi wosungunuka ndi mipweya ina yamafuta imasefukira mumlengalenga kwa [3], ndiyeno mafuta osefedwawo amabwerera ku thanki yaikulu.

2.2 Kuthana ndi zolakwika zomwe zimachitika m'dongosolo

Pakugwiritsira ntchito mafuta oyeretsera, zolakwika zomwe zimachitika kwambiri ndi izi: ① alamu yamadzimadzi kwambiri;② kulephera kwa mafuta m'chidebe;③ kutsekeka kwa zinthu zosefera zotuluka.

2.3 Chifukwa cha kulephera kunachitika

Mitundu yolakwika yodziwika bwino imaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu, ndipo zifukwa zazikulu za zolakwika izi ndi izi: ① mulingo wamadzimadzi ansanja ndi kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi kwa poto yamafuta.Ngati nsanja ya vacuum ipezeka kudzera pabowo, zitha kuyambitsa vuto la makina odumphira.② Ngati the-0.45bar.g siyingafikidwe mkati mwa mphindi 3 pamalo opanda vacuum, ndiye kuti choyeretsera mafuta chidzazimitsidwa. , ndipo pa skrini yowonetsera ipangitsanso kufulumira, ndiko kuti, "kulephera kwa mafuta m'chidebe".③ Ngati chotulutsa chotsuka mafuta chatsekedwa, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kukafika pamtengo wodziwikiratu, kusintha kosiyana kumapangitsa kuti pakhale alamu. , kupatsa woyendetsayo kusiyana kwakukulu kwa fyuluta.

3 Kuwongolera zoyeserera ndi malingaliro pazolakwa zomwe wamba

3.1 Kuwongolera njira zothanirana ndi zolakwika zomwe wamba

Kupyolera mu kuwunika zolakwika wamba zamafuta oyeretsera mafuta ndi zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwikazi, ndikofunikira kupereka mayankho ofananirako pamavutowa kuti athandizire kukonza magwiridwe antchito a turbine ya nthunzi ndikuwongolera momwe amagwirira ntchito.Choyamba, chifukwa cha vuto la alamu yamadzimadzi, mafuta amatha kutsanulidwa ndikuyambiranso, ndipo mtengo wa vacuum ukhoza kusinthidwa moyenera.Ngati ingayambe bwino, mtengo wa vacuum ukhoza kukwezedwa moyenera.Chachiwiri, chifukwa cha kulephera kwa chidebecho, pambuyo pa kulephera kwa mafuta, mafuta oyeretsa mafuta ayenera kuyambiranso, ndiyeno valavu yoyendetsa vacuum imasinthidwa, kotero kuti digiri ya vacuum mu nsanja ya vacuum ikhoza kuyendetsedwa bwino.Chinthu china ndi chakuti pali mavuto a pa intaneti, monga malo otsegulira ma valve olowera ndi ochepa kapena osatsegulidwa.Pankhaniyi, mlingo wotsegulira wa valve uyenera kusinthidwa.Zosefera zina kunja, chifukwa palibe kusiyana kuthamanga mita, choncho, pakhoza kukhala fyuluta chinthu blockage, njira yothetsera vutoli ayenera nthawi yake kulankhula ndi ogwira ntchito kukonzanso kapena m'malo.Chachitatu, chifukwa cha vuto la kutsekeka kwa zosefera, ndikofunikira kungosintha zinthu zosefera zitha kuthetsedwa.Ngati chosefera sichinasinthidwe munthawi yake, mutha kupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito maola awiri.Nthawi ikadzafika, imangozimitsa yokha, ndipo chifukwa chake chidzawonetsedwa pazenera, ndiye kuti, chinthu chosefera chotuluka chatsekedwa.

Zolakwa zonse zitachotsedwa bwino, kufunikira koyika chosinthira pamalo oyimitsa, ndiyeno malizitsani kukonzanso zidazo, mpaka kuyambiransoko kungayambike.

3.2 Kusanthula kwaupangiri wowongolera

Mafuta oyeretsa akalephera, ndikofunikira kusankha njira zothanirana ndi nthawi yake, koma kuti athetse vutoli, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikuchotsa zopinga izi muzu.Kuphatikizidwa ndi chidziwitso chogwira ntchito komanso chidziwitso, pepalali limapereka njira zotsutsana ndi malingaliro owongolera oyeretsera mafuta, ndikuyembekeza kupereka zowunikira zothetsera mavuto okhudzana nawo pantchito yothandiza.

Choyamba, madzi aulere, zinyalala ndi zowononga zidzayikidwa pansi pa thanki, mafuta ena otsuka mafuta omwe ali pakati pa thanki ndi malo otsika, omwe sali kuchokera pansi pa malo, malo omwe ali pansi pa mtunda. , sangathe kutsika pansi pa thanki ndi madzi omwe ali ndi mafuta ochuluka panthawi yake kuti ayeretsedwe, choncho nthawi zonse muzitsegula valavu yakuda pansi pa thanki, kulola zonyansa ndi chinyezi zichotsedwe pansi pa thanki.

Chachiwiri, oyeretsa mafuta adzatulutsa mpweya mwachindunji m'chipinda chomwe makinawo ali, zomwe zingapangitse kuti fungo la nyali m'chipindamo likhale lalikulu, chinyezi chimakhalanso chachikulu, chifukwa ogwira ntchito ndi makina sali oyenera kwa nthawi yayitali. nthawi kukhala.Ngati ogwira ntchito agwira ntchito pamalowa kwa nthawi yayitali, zimakhudza thanzi lawo.Ngati chinyezi cha chipindacho ndi chachikulu, ntchito yoyeretsa mafuta idzakhalanso ndi zotsatira zoipa.Wotsuka mafuta adzatulutsa madzi m'chipindamo, ndipo adzakokedwa ndi makina opangira nyali pansi pa kayendetsedwe ka mpweya, pansi pa kayendetsedwe ka nthawi yayitali, mphamvu ya makina a nyali idzachepetsedwa.M'mayunitsi ambiri amakono, fani yotulutsa mpweya ndiye malo opangira mpweya wabwino m'chipindamo.Poganizira izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera mzere wa makina a nyali.Kuti muwonjezere mpweya m'chipindacho, m'pofunika kuchotsa louver mu fani ya mpweya pansi pa chivundikiro cha mpweya wa kunja kwa chipangizocho, kuti mpweya wa mpweya uwonjezeke.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zimathandizanso kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino m'chipindamo kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wa m'chipindamo nthawi zonse umakhala waukhondo komanso waukhondo.

Chachitatu, pakupanga mafuta oyeretsera mafuta, padzakhala makina odumphira kwambiri chifukwa cha chithovu chochulukirapo, zochitika za izi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe mafuta oyeretsera mafutawo alili.Pogwiritsa ntchito pampu yamafuta mumafuta, chithovu chochulukirapo nthawi zambiri chimatsogolera kumadzi abodza a nsanja yotsekera, motero amangoyenda molunjika.Ichinso ndi chifukwa chofala kwambiri chotsuka mafuta kudumpha.Kuti athetse vutoli moyenera, vacuum nsanja akhoza kuchepetsedwa mu ndondomeko ya mpope mafuta mu mafuta, ndiyeno valavu mafuta anatembenukira pansi, kuti athandize kuthetsa vutoli, koma kuipa kwa yankho ndi. kuti mphamvu ya chithandizo idzachepa kwambiri.

Chachinayi, pa gawo la oyeretsa mafuta omwe amatumizidwa kunja, palibe mita yosiyana ya kukakamiza, kotero kuti palibe njira yopezera kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa fyuluta, ndipo palibe chikumbutso choyenera cha alamu.Pankhani ya mafuta otsika, ndizosavuta kupanikizana, zomwe zimatsogolera kulumpha kwa mafuta oyeretsa.Popanda kuwonjezera mita, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite ntchito zoyeretsa pafupipafupi kuti tipewe kutsekeka ndikuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika pakugwira ntchito kwamafuta oyeretsa mafuta.

Chachisanu, pamene mafuta oyeretsa mafuta amalakwitsa pambuyo pa kukonzanso ndondomeko yoyambiranso, chifukwa granularity ya mafuta odzola sikunakwaniritse miyezo ndi zofunikira, kulephera kwa makina oyeretsera mafuta a makina odumphira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yowonjezera ikhale yolimba kwambiri.Kufunika koyeretsa mafuta kukuchulukirachulukira, chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera mafuta oyeretsa ngati chosungira.Oyeretsa mafuta pano ndivacuumwoyeretsa mafuta, kusefa bwino kumakhala kochepa, komanso kumatulutsa phokoso lambiri.Ngati mungaganizire kuwonjezera zoyeretsa zatsopano zamafuta, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musankhe zotsukira mafuta abwino pamsika.Posankha mafuta oyeretsera mafuta, mphamvu zake komanso mphamvu ya phokoso lamphamvu pa chilengedwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa.Mafuta oyeretsa omwe amagwira ntchito bwino m'mbali zonse amatha kupewa mavuto osiyanasiyana obwera chifukwa cha kusalinganika kwa vacuum.Pankhani ya kukonzanso ndi kutsika kwa mafuta abwino, zingapewe zotsatira zoipa pa ntchito yabwino.

4 Mapeto 

oyeretsa mafuta adzakhala ndi zotsatira mwachindunji pa ntchito ya turbine nthunzi, ndipo kufunika kwake kumaonekera.Mu kafukufukuyu, zolakwika zomwe zimachitika komanso zomwe zimayambitsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mafuta oyeretsera mafuta zikuwunikidwa, ndipo malingaliro ofananirako othetsera mavuto ndi malingaliro owongolera amafuta oyeretsera amaperekedwa, ndicholinga chokhazikitsa maziko olimba kuti agwire bwino ntchito ya nthunzi. turbine.